Systèmes d'exploitation et cloud

This document outlines step-by-step methodologies for setting up a GNU/Linux distribution (Ubuntu) using network-based installation. It also explores booting with different mediums, such as a boot floppy and network-based booting. A detailed guide is provided on installing Linux alongside a functioning Windows system, emphasizing dual-boot setups. The document aims to prepare users for practical demonstrations in class of both procedures.

This document aims to explain the concept of files under Unix and explores the logical organization of data using the GNU/Linux file system. It provides an introduction to various file types, their organization, and practical usage by employing file manipulation commands. The content focuses on enhancing the understanding of file systems and hands-on proficiency with Unix commands.

The document introduces the concept of virtualization in GNU/Linux, explaining its significance in system efficiency and resource optimization. It outlines various virtualization techniques, highlighting their applications and use cases. The content delves into specific virtualization products, comparing their features and performance. Overall, it emphasizes the benefits and practical implementation of virtualization in Linux systems.

This chapter focuses on understanding text editors within the GNU/Linux ecosystem. It explores their functionality, providing insights into advanced commands and documentation tools. The goal is to enable users to leverage these tools effectively in their system workflows. A structured overview is offered on key text editor features and integration within Linux environments.

This document presents an in-depth guide on the installation, configuration, and maintenance of GNU/Linux distributions. It introduces categories of installation methods, discusses the tools and terminology crucial for setting up various system types (e.g., workstations, servers, or personalized configurations), and elaborates specific steps for Debian installations. Key topics include partitioning, boot processes, and the use of different disk and installer configurations to adjust to user needs.

Clustering in Linux involves distributing tasks across multiple machines to significantly reduce execution time, with distinctions between system-level and software-level clustering. It supports diverse use cases, including scientific calculations, storage, high availability, and load balancing. Tools like PVM and MPI enable cluster implementation, with PVM favoring heterogeneous networks and MPI providing advanced features for parallel processing. Various projects, such as Beowulf and distributed.net, demonstrate the application of clustering in both research and practical scenarios, highl...

This document explains the unique file handling system of GNU/Linux, distinguishing between regular files, directory files, and special device files. It elaborates on the hierarchical file organization method, the semantics of absolute and relative paths, and the inode attribute system, including user permissions. Furthermore, it discusses the utilization of mounting mechanisms for multi-disk and network file accessibility alongside file management through the Network File System (NFS) protocol.

This document provides a comprehensive introduction to the GNU/Linux operating system, emphasizing its multi-platform, multi-user, and open-source characteristics. It explores various Linux distributions, discussing their unique features and use cases, as well as the architecture common to most distributions. Additionally, the General Public License (GPL) underpinning the free software philosophy is addressed, detailing its legal provisions. Finally, the document briefly explains the Linux kernel's role as the intermediary between software and hardware during system operations.

This document introduces the concept of processes in GNU/Linux, detailing their life cycle, management, and types. It describes the distinctions between system and user processes, including their hierarchical parent-child relationships and resource management. Additionally, it explains process termination states like zombies and highlights the use of key commands like `ps` and `kill`, showcasing their ability to monitor, handle, and terminate processes. Finally, input-output redirection is elaborated, covering standard input, output, error handling, and redirection methods.

This document provides an introductory comparison of three distinct virtualization methods: paravirtualization, emulation, and full virtualization. It briefly explores the fundamental differences in their operational methodologies, emphasizing the impact on performance and hardware integration. Paravirtualization focuses on collaboration between hardware and software, whereas emulation imitates hardware functionality. Full virtualization ensures complete isolation of virtual systems. The text highlights scenarios and trade-offs where each method is applicable.