NEC 1982 ACT 1984
(cid:127) Nom : APC
Constructeur : Nec
Année de sortie :
1982
Historique des
microprocesseurs
(cid:127) 1953: Ordinateur à transistors
Transistor
(cid:127) Décembre
1947
(cid:127) Transistor au
germanium
Von Neumann
(cid:127) 1903-1957
(cid:127) Mathématicien
(cid:127) 1943-1945 : EDVAC
“Electronic Discrete
Variable Automatic
Computer”
– concept de programme
enregistré
(cid:127) Machine de Von
Neumann
Historique des
microprocesseurs
(cid:127) ENIAC (1943)
– 18000 lampes
– longueur 100 pi
– hauteur 10 pi
– profondeur 3 pi
– 140 kW
– 100 kHz
– 5000 additions/sec
Historique des
microprocesseurs
(cid:127) 1971: INTEL 4004
– Premier microprocesseur commercialisé
– Fonctionne sur 4 bits
– 2250 transistors
– Calculatrices
Historique des
microprocesseurs
(cid:127) 1971: INTEL 4004
Historique des
microprocesseurs
(cid:127) 1972: INTEL 8008
– Fonctionne sur 8 bits.
– 20 circuits intégrés pour réaliser un système.
Microprocesseurs - le 4004
(cid:127)
Intel 4004 - 1971
– Mots de 4 bits
– 46 instructions sur 8 bits
– 16 registres 4 bits ou 8
registres 8 bits
– 1 k de données, 4 k de
programmes
– 2300 transistors
– cycle de 10.8 ms
– ~ 0.001 mips ?
Microprocesseurs - le 8080
(cid:127)
Intel 8080 - 3/1/1974
– Mots de 8 bits
– bus adresses 16 bits, bus
données 8 bits
– 7 registres 8 bits, A à E,H,L,
Þ BC, DE, HL 16 bits
– 64 k octets adressables
– 6000 transistors
– 2 MHz
– ~ 0.02 mips ?
Microprocesseurs :
Le Pentium© Pro
(cid:127)
Intel Pentium Pro 27/3/95
– bus interne 300 bits
– bus externe 64 bit
– mémoire : 4 Go
– mémoire virtuelle : 64 To
– processeur 5.5 M
transistors
– cache intégré : 62 M
transistors (pour 1Mo)
– 166, 180, 200 MHz
Intel : Pentium Pro
Le chip de
ce boîtier
comporte
un
Publicité
processeur
et 1Mo de
cache
Evolution des microprocesseurs
la gamme Intel
Horloge Bus
(MHz)
données
Adress. Cycles
/ADD
Puiss.
(mips)
Nombre Date
Intro.
Trans.
Autres
Caractéristiques
8080
2
8 bits
8086
5,8,10
16 bits
8088
5
8 bits
80286
8,10,12
16 bits
80386
16 à 33
32 bits
32 bits
25 à 50
80486
Pentium 60 à 166 64 bits
Pent.Pro 150-200 64 bits
32+1M
Pent.II
Pent.III
multimedia
300-450 64 bits
450-600 64 bits
64 ko
1 Mo
1 Mo
1 Mo
4 Go
4 Go
4 Go
4 Go
4 Go
4/64
0.02
0.72
2.66
6
2
1
3nbr.
6000
30000
134000
275000
1.1 M
3.1 M
5.5 M
9.5 M
1974
1978
1979
1982
1985
1989
1992?
1995
1997
1999
Pipe-line 6 octets
Gestion de mémoire
Addr. virtuel 64 To
Burst 16 o ; cache 8k
2 inst. simult. ; RAM
Burst 32 o ; cache
Extensions
Barettes Mémoire
(cid:127) SIMM
– Single In-line Memory Module
– Carte enfichable (2cm ´ 10cm)
(cid:127) 8 ´ N ou 9 ´ N chips
– Capacité : 1Mo (1993) à 64 Mo
Publicité
(1997)
– 30, 72 pins
– Temps d’accès : 60 ns.
(cid:127) DIMM
– Dual In–Line Memory Module
Carte mère Pentium Pro
OUTLINE
q Intel
q 4004
q 8086
q 80286
q 80386
q 80486
q Pentium, MMX
q Pentium Pro, II, III
q Pentium IV
q Itanium
q AMD
q AM5x86
q K5
q K6
q K6-II, K6-III
q Athlon
q Duron
q Opteron
INTEL 4004
November 1971, 4004
§ 4-bits Data bus
§ 46 instructions
§ 2300 Transistors
§ 108 khz
April 1972, 8008
§ 8-bits Data bus
§ 200 khz
INTEL 8086 – 1st Generation
Juin 1978, 8086
§ 16-bits Data bus
§ 29.000 Transistors
§ 4,77 Mhz
Juin 1979, 8088
§ 8-bits Data bus
§ 29.000 Transistors
§ 4,77 Mhz
§ for IBM PC-XT in 1981
FYI : 1983, PC-XT 640 kb RAM, 20 Mb HD => $ 5000
INTEL 80286 – 2nd Generation
February 1982, 80286
§ improved 8086 : 4X+
§ 134.000 Transistors
§ 6 - 20 Mhz
§ Protected mode (virtual addresses 24 bits)
§ for IBM PC-AT in 1984
INTEL 80386 – 3rd Generation
October 1985, 80386 DX
§ 32-bits data bus
§ 275.000 Transistors
§ 16 - 40 Mhz
§ 4 stages Pipeline
§ virtual mode
June 1988, 80386 SX
§ low cost 80386
§ 16-bit data bus
INTEL 80486 – 4th Generation (1/2)
April 1989, 80486 DX
§ improved 386 : 2X+
§ 1,2 M Transistors
§ 25 - 50 Mhz
§ 5 stages Pipeline
§ integrated coprocessor
§ 8 kb L1 cache
§ L2 cache on motherboard
September 1991, 80486 SX
§ low cost 80486
§ 16 – 33 Mhz
§ no coprocessor
INTEL 80486 – 4th Generation (2/2)
March 1992, 80486 DX2
§ overdrive x2
§ 1,2 M Transistors
§ 50 - 66 Mhz (25 x 2, 33 x 2)
March 1994, 80486 DX4
§ overdrive x3
§ 75 – 100 Mhz (25 x 3, 33 x 3)
§ 16 kb L1 cache
INTEL Pentium – 5th Generation
March 1993, Pentium
§ 64 bits data bus, 32 bits external bus
§ 3,1 M Transistors (3,2 or 3,3)
§ 60, 66 Mhz, 75 – 200 Mhz
§ superscalar : 2 ALU => 2X+ than 80486
§ pipelined FPU
Publicité
§ branch prediction unit (256 entries, 80 %)
§ data and instruction L1 cache (8 kb + 8 kb)
INTEL Pentium Pro – 6th Generation
November 1995, Pentium Pro (P6)
§ high end server
§ 5,5 M Transistors
§ 150 - 200 Mhz,
§ 14 stages pipeline
§ out of order execution
§ integrated L2 cache (256 kb – 1 Mb)
INTEL Pentium MMX – 5th Generation
January 1997, Pentium MMX (P55C)
§ Pentium MMX = Pentium + MMX
§ Multi Media eXtension
§ 57 new instructions for audio and video
§ 4,5 M Transistors
§ 166 - 233 Mhz,
§ 10 – 20% X+ Pentium
§ 32 kb L1 cache (16 kb + 16 kb)
INTEL Pentium II – 6th Generation
May 1997, Pentium II (Klamath)
§ P II = P Pro + MMX
§ 7,5 M Transistors, 0,35 microns
§ 233 - 300 Mhz,
§ SEC Cartridge with L2 cache (512 kb)
§ 32 kb L1 cache (16 kb + 16 kb)
§ 66 Mhz bus
February 1998, Pentium II (Deschutes)
§ 7,5 M Transistors, 0,25 microns
§ 333 - 450 Mhz
§ 100 Mhz bus
INTEL Celeron – 6th Generation
April 1998, Celeron (Covington)
§ Celeron = P II without L2 cache
§ 7,5 M Transistors, 0,25 microns
§ 266 - 300 Mhz,
§ no much success
August 1998, Celeron A (mendocino)
§ P II + 128 ko L2 cache
§ 300 - 433 Mhz
§ 100 Mhz bus
INTEL Pentium III – 6th Generation (1/2)
February 1999, Pentium III (Katmaï)
§ PIII = P II + SSE (Streaming SIMD Extension)
§ 9,5 M Transistors, 0,25 microns
§ 450 - 600 Mhz,
§ Processor Serial Number
April 2000, Pentium III (Coppermine, Cumine)
§ on-die L2 cache (512 kb, ½ speed)
§ 28 M, 0,18
§ 533 - 1100 Mhz
§ 100, 133 Mhz bus
INTEL Pentium III – 6th Generation (2/2)
January 2002, Pentium III (Tualatin)
§ 44 M Transistors, 0,13 microns
§ 1100 - 1400 Mhz,
§ 512 kb L2 cache
INTEL Pentium IV – 7th Generation (1/4)
November 2000, Pentium IV (Willamette)
§ 42 M Transistors, 0,18 microns
§ 1300 - 2000 Mhz,
§ 256 kb on-die L2 cache, full speed
January 2002, Pentium IV (Northwood)
§ 55 M Transistors, 0,13 microns
§ 1600 - 3066 Mhz,
§ 512 kb on-die L2 cache, full speed
INTEL Pentium IV – 7th Generation (2/4)
NetBurst Architecture
§ Hyper Pipelined Technology
§ Trace cache
§ Advanced Dynamic Execution
§ Advanced Transfer Cache
§ Rapid Execution Engine
§ SSE2
INTEL Itanium – 8th Generation
May 2001 (Merced)
§ 64 bits
§ EPIC (Eplicitly Parallel Instruction
Computing) VLIW
§ 733, 800 Mhz
§ 32 kb L1 cache, 96 kb L2 cache
§ 2 - 4 Mb L3 cache
§ not efficient
July 2002, Itanium 2
§ 900, 1000 Mhz
§ 256 L2 cache
§ 1,5 – 3 Mb L3 cache