Cours - Bases de données

This document provides a comprehensive introduction to PL/SQL, Oracle's procedural extension for SQL. It explains the limitations of SQL as a purely declarative language and introduces the capabilities of PL/SQL, including procedural features like loops, conditional structures, and exception handling. The methodology focuses on the structuring of PL/SQL code into logical 'blocks,' improving performance and readability. Key processes such as variable declarations, data type conversions, cursors, and the creation of triggers, procedures, and functions are covered in detail.

This document introduces SQL, a fourth-generation programming language developed by IBM in the 1970s and standardized as SQL-92 in 1992, laying the foundation for relational database queries. It outlines four key subsets of SQL: Data Query Language (DQL) for data retrieval, Data Manipulation Language (DML) for data updates, Data Definition Language (DDL) for structuring databases, and Data Control Language (DCL) for managing access control. The document then details core SQL operations such as SELECT commands for projections and restrictions, syntax for WHERE clauses with logical operators,...